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Innate Immunity
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Rapid pulmonary fibrosis induced by acute lung injury via a lipopolysaccharide three-hit regimen

Hui Li

Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Shaohui Du

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, dushaohui{at}tom.com

Lina Yang

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Yangyan Chen

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Wei Huang

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Rong Zhang

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Yinghai Cui

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Jun Yang

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Dongfeng Chen

Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Yiwei Li

Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Saixia Zhang

Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Jianhong Zhou

Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Zhijun Wei

Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Zhibin Yao

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Based on the common characteristic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and highly pathogenic avian influenza and the mechanism of inflammation and fibrosis, it is speculated that there should exist a fundamental pathological rule that severe acute lung injury (ALI)-induced rapid pulmonary fibrosis is caused by various etiological factors, such as SARS coronavirus, H5N1-virus, or other unknown factors, and also by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the most common etiological factor. The investigation employed intratracheally, and intraperitoneally and intratracheally applied LPS three-hit regimen, compared with bleomycin-induced chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammatory damage and fibrosis were evaluated, and the molecular mechanism was analyzed according to Th1/Th2 balance, Sma- and MAD-related proteins (Smads) and signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) expression. The results suggested that rapid pulmonary fibrosis could be induced by ALI via LPS three-hits. The period from 3—7 days in the LPS group was the first rapid pulmonary fibrosis stage, whereas the second fast fibrosis stage occurred on days 14—21. Th2 cell polarization, Smad4 and Smad7 should be the crucial molecular mechanism of ALI-induced rapid fibrosis. The investigation was not only performed to establish a new rapid pulmonary fibrosis model, but also to provide the elicitation for mechanism of ALI changed into the rapid pulmonary fibrosis.

Key Words: Acute lung injury • lipopolysaccharide • pulmonary fibrosis • signal transducer and activator of transcription • Sma- and MAD-related proteins

Innate Immunity, Vol. 15, No. 3, 143-154 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1753425908101509
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