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Journal of Endotoxin Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, 311-320 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/09680519050110050901
© 2005 SAGE Publications

Reprogramming of circulatory cells in sepsis and SIRS

J.-M. Cavaillon

UP Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, jmcavail{at}pasteur.fr

C. Adrie

Service de Réanimation polyvalente, Hôpital Delafontaine, Saint-Denis, France

C. Fitting

UP Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

M. Adib-Conquy

UP Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Immune status is altered in patients with sepsis or non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Reduced ex-vivo TNF production by endotoxin-activated monocytes has been regularly reported. This observation is reminiscent of the phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance, and the term `leukocyte reprogramming' well defines this phenomenon. This review will outline that the hyporesponsiveness of circulating leukocytes is not a generalized phenomenon in sepsis and SIRS. Indeed, the nature of the insult (i.e. infectious versus non-infectious SIRS; under anesthesia [surgery] or not [trauma, burn]), the nature of the activator used to trigger leukocytes (i.e. different Toll-like receptor ligands or whole bacteria), the nature of the cell culture (i.e. isolated monocytes versus peripheral blood mononuclear cells versus whole blood assays), and the nature of the analyzed cytokines (e.g. IL-1ß versus IL-1ra; TNF versus IL-10) have a profound influence on the outcome of the response.

Key Words: Sepsis • SIRS • leukocyte reprogramming • immune response


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